Chromatography and Analytical Techniques

Liquid Chromatography Techniques

Liquid chromatography (LC) is a cornerstone of analytical separation techniques, used extensively for separating non-volatile and thermally unstable compounds. Advances in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) have significantly enhanced speed, resolution, and sensitivity. Current developments include monolithic and superficially porous columns, innovative stationary phases, and ultra-low dispersion systems. These innovations have made LC more robust in handling complex matrices in pharmaceuticals, food analysis, environmental testing, and biological samples. Gradient elution techniques and multidimensional LC are improving peak capacity and allowing better resolution of analytes. Mobile phase modifiers and green solvents are being incorporated to make the processes more environmentally friendly and cost-efficient. The emergence of automated LC systems has also allowed high-throughput workflows in clinical laboratories and quality control settings. The coupling of LC with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) has pushed boundaries in precision and identification, especially in proteomics and metabolomics. This topic focuses on the evolving capabilities of liquid chromatography in solving real-world analytical challenges and enhancing research outcomes.