4^th World Congress on Chromatography August 07-09, 2017 Rome, Italy

Adsorption chromatography is definitely one of the earliest types of analytical method of separation technology. Adsorption means a physical connection between the compound and the particles of stationary phase. It utilizes a mobile liquid or gaseous phase that is adsorbed onto the top most layer of an immobilized solid phase. Column chromatography has been employed to separate vitamins, steroids, hormones, and alkaloids and to determine the amounts of these substances in samples of body fluids .The different separation techniques involved are column chromatography, thin layer chromatography and liquid chromatography

The applications of chromatography are in qualitative and quantitative analysis of low polarity compounds and also measuring toxic substance in air, soil or water

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Partition chromatography is method of separation in which the components present in the mixture get distributed more likely into two liquid phases because of differences in partition coefficients. In Partition chromatography, the molecules are separated in between two phases i.e. both stationary phase and mobile phase are in same phase. So molecules get dispersed into either phase preferentially.  The partition chromatography is the basic principle involved in many separation techniques like high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography. Partition chromatography is basically understood as a method of separation of solutes utilizing the partition of the solutes between two liquid phases. Paper chromatography and High performance TLC also works on the principle of the same.

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Ion exchange chromatography (IEX) separates molecules present in the mixture based on differences in their net surface charge. Ion exchange chromatography playing an important role in the separation and purification of biomolecules. Today, IEX is one of the most frequently used separation techniques for purification of amino acids, proteins, peptides, and nucleic acids. Ion Exchange Chromatography depends up on charge-charge interactions between the proteins in the sample and the charges immobilized on the resin of choice. Loading samples in buffers of low ionic strength makes ion exchange chromatography an excellent purification step after HIC.

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Molecular exclusion also called or named as Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) separates molecules depending on their molecular size by filtration through a gel. The gel consists of spherical beads containing pores of a particular size distribution. Separation occurs when molecules present in the mixture, of different sizes are included or removed from the pores within the matrix. Small molecules and large molecules are separated based on entering in to the pores. Consequently, molecules separate based on their size as they pass through the column and are eluted in order of decreasing molecular weight (MW).

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Spectroscopy relates to the scattering an object's light into its component colors (i.e. energies). By performing the spectroscopy of an object, astronomers can find out the physical properties of that object (like temperature, mass, luminosity and composition). Historically spectroscopy was defined as the use of visible light dispersed according to its wavelength. After that this concept was developed greatly to comprise any kind of measurement of a quantity as a function of either wavelength or frequency. The various devices used in Spectrometry are spectrometers, spectrophotometers, spectrographs or spectral analyzers. Absorption of infrared radiation brings about changes in molecular vibrations within molecules and measurements of the ways in which bonds vibrate gives rise to infrared spectroscopy. Mass spectrometry is other analytical technique, which separates the ions according to their mass/charge ratio.

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Affinity chromatography is one of the important separation techniques based on a specific binding interaction between an immobilized ligand and its binding partner. Affinity chromatography is a type of liquid chromatography that makes use of interactions for the identification and specific analysis of sample components. Examples include antibody and antigen, enzyme and substrate, and enzyme and inhibitor interactions. The degree of purification can be quite high in a purification strategy. This present track provides an knowledge of affinity chromatography of proteins. Immunoaffinity chromatography is one of the important types of affinity chromatography. Immunoaffinity chromatography technique is more commonly performed for the identification, quantification, or purification of antigens.

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Gas chromatography is a generally a word used to give information about the group of analytical separation techniques used to analyze volatile materials in the gas phase. In this chromatography, the components of a sample are dissolved in a solvent and vaporized which results in the separation of analytes by differentiating the sample between two phases. Gas chromatography is one of the important types of chromatography that does not use the mobile phase for reacting with the analyte. If the stationary phase consists of solid adsorbant, termed gas-solid chromatography, or a liquid on an inert support, termed gas-liquid chromatography (GLC). Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) is the advanced technique of Gas Chromatography. Gas chromatography can be used in many different fields such as pharmaceutical industry, cosmetology and even environmental toxins.

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High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is different and another type of column chromatography that pumps a sample mixture or analyte in a solvent at high pressure through a column with chromatographic packing material . HPLC has the ability to analyse, and separate compounds that would be present in any sample that can be dissolved in a liquid in trace concentrations. Because of this advantage, HPLC is used in a variety of industrial and scientific applications, such as pharmaceutical industry, environmental, forensic science, and chemicals. High Performance Liquid Chromatography has brought lot of advantages in the department of food analysis and also in the analysis of various fat soluble vitamins. HPLC is also used in DNA fingerprinting and bioinformatics.

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There has been growing interest around the globe in various change separation techniques, in key areas of physical sorption, distillation, membranes, absorption and heat exchange. These special technologies in chromatography include Reversed-phase chromatography, Normal-phase chromatography, Two-dimensional chromatography and pyrolysis chromatography. In normal-phase chromatography, the stationary phase is exactly opposite to the mobile phase which is nonpolar. Reversed-phase chromatography (RPC) is another liquid chromatography method where the mobile phase is significantly more polar than the stationary phase. Chiral chromatography which definitely means the identification of stereoisomers. Pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry is another type of chemical analysis in which the sample is heated to decomposition to produce smaller molecules which are analyzed by gas chromatography and detected using mass spectrometry.

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Chromatography, different method for identifying and separating the components, or solutes, of a mixture on the basis of the relative amounts of each solute distributed between a moving fluid streams, called the mobile phase, and a contiguous stationary phase. Liquid-chromatography is one of the mostly employed and useful techniques in pharmaceutical industry for sample preparation. Another one is electrophoretic separation technique designed for rapid and selective sample analysis. Immunoaffinity chromatography (IAC) is a different method of Liquid Chromatography in which the stationary phase consists of an antibody or it might include antibody-related reagent. This technique involves a unique sub type of affinity chromatography, in which a biologically related binding agent is taken for the selective separation or analysis of a target compound. Capillary electrophoresis is other method which identifies and distributes ions depending on their electrophoretic mobility with the use of an applied voltage. Compact mass spectrometer is widely used in the food safety, water purity and clinical diagnosis.

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Special techniques in analytical chemistry also play an important role in the analysis of many chemical compounds. Physical separation techniques are the most common, least expensive and safest. Component separation is also relatively easy but tends to be more expensive. The specialty chemical and pharmaceutical industries are the primary users of component separation techniques. Component separation is only now being applied to hazardous wastes and many processes are still in the demonstration stage. Chemical separation techniques are the most expensive and pose the greatest potential hazard. In Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography (HIC) the proteins are separated according to differences in the amount of exposed hydrophobic amino acids.

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The method of separation is united type of unit procedure in most of the modern pharmaceutical, chemical and other process plants. Newer separation processes, like super critical fluid chromatography, paper chromatography hybridization assay chromatographic separation, etc., are gaining importance in modern days plants as novel separation processes. The Hyphenated Technique is increased and made advanced by uniting of a separation technique and an on-line spectroscopic detection technology. In this session latest update in the advancement of different hyphenated techniques like Liquid Chromatography-FTIR, Liquid Chromatography-NMR, CE-Mass Spectrometry, Gas Chromatography-MS, Liquid Chromatography MS, etc. in the method of pre-isolation identification of plant extraction from different natural sources, separation and  identification of natural products, chemotaxonomic studies and DNA fingerprinting are included.

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The Chromatography industry is showing growth rapidly, with value expected to hit 228 billion dollars by 2016, up from 164 US billion dollars in the year of earlier 2010, growing annual growth of nearly 7%, according to a recent industrial marketing research report. Geographically, global separation technique market has been segmented into four areas namely, North America, some parts of European region , Asia-Pacific and Rest of the World. The global gas chromatography market, valued at $2,583.6 million in earlier 2014, is possibility to march up to $3,605.1 US million by 2019 at a CAGR of 6.9%.This global market report categorizes the market into 3 wide segments, like, Instrumentation, Accessories & Consumables, and Reagents.

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